Homeowner guide
A practical decision framework
Direct answer: Choose a drainage method only after identifying the water source, surface or subsurface path, elevations, soil, drainage area, legal outlet, and maintenance needs. Collection without a reliable outlet usually relocates the problem.
Key takeaways
1
Separate roof runoff, surface flow, and groundwater.
2
Measure elevations before assuming gravity drainage will work.
3
Use solid pipe for conveyance and perforated pipe for collection.
4
Plan a legal, stable, maintainable discharge point.
Identify the water
Note rainfall intensity, timing, duration, roof areas, low points, soil saturation, uphill flow, irrigation, utilities, septic, foundation leakage, and seasonal groundwater.
Match method to purpose
Grading and swales move surface water; basins collect low points; solid pipe conveys water; French drains intercept subsurface water; channel drains collect hardscape runoff; pumps lift water when gravity is unavailable.
Verify outlet and elevations
Confirm route slope, pipe cover, crossings, freeze exposure, erosion, public right-of-way, neighbors, wetlands, and stormwater restrictions.
Compare installation details
Price excavation, bedding, stone, fabric, pipe, fittings, structures, cleanouts, utility conflicts, spoil, access, hardscape, landscaping, testing, and maintenance.
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Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between solid and perforated pipe?
Solid pipe conveys collected water; perforated pipe allows water to enter or leave along its length depending on the design.
Can a French drain solve surface puddles?
Sometimes, but grading or surface collection may be more direct. The source, soil, elevations, and outlet determine the method.
Do pop-up emitters work?
They can provide a surface outlet when elevation and maintenance are suitable, but standing water, freezing, mowing, sediment, and discharge location matter.
When is a pump needed?
When a legal gravity outlet is unavailable and collected water can be discharged safely with reliable power, capacity, controls, and backup planning.
Editorial note
This guide provides general planning information. Licensing, contracts, permits, deposits, insurance, technical standards, and safety requirements vary by location, property, and project. Verify critical requirements with the responsible authority and qualified professionals. Advertising does not replace ServiceGoat’s disclosed ranking standards.